nonfiction inference task cards
Also included in:Reading Comprehension Task Card Bundle | Test Prep | Digital Boom Cards, Also included in:Inference Task Card Bundle, Also included in:Reading Strategies Task Card Bundle 648 reading skills cards with Digital, Also included in:Reading Comprehension Task Card Bundle | STAAR Test Prep | Print & Digital. Students will decide if the book is fiction or nonfiction.You can use these task cards in many ways:Scoot activityHang them around the room and have students walk around and read them/answ, These high interest reading task cards will help your students have fun while they learn about the five types of nonfiction text structure! TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. There are a total of 72 task cards. This includes shark attacks, sizes of sharks, k, This low prep Thanksgiving activity is a great way to practice different reading comprehension skills while celebrating Thanksgiving. The fire ant earned its name because of its venom. Read grade-level text with purpose and understanding. Need Ficton Inference Task Cards? Product Description. Engage young readers in texts and learn about characters with an instructional slide deck featuring the Humpty Dumpty rhyme. This bundle gives you 7 resources that you can use to teach your nonfiction text structure in 3rd, 4th, or 5th grade. Like PowerPoints? Reading and ELA Task Card Massive Bundle - 107 Task Card Sets! Practice identify facts and opinions with a Groundhog Day worksheet. Students learn what are some important text features, and answer comprehension questions to explore how understanding text features benefit readers. There are three bundled sets in this mega bundle (at 15% discount):Making Inferences Task Card Bundle 1This inferencing task card bundle includes three sets of making inferences task cards for a total of 66 inferencing questions on 36 task cards! inference questions non fiction. To keep the task cards out of pockets or under desks, punch a hole in the corner of each to place them on a binder ring. Laminated task cards can be used year after year. Each monthly set is jam-packed with interesting facts and activities that your students will love just as much as mine do. Use simple apps that help you do all kinds of useful things. Terrific Teacher Tip: Need an innovative book report idea? There are a total of 24 literary nonfiction task cards. Teaching inferences? Students will need to correctly infer and provide textual evidence for the inference.Important Note: These task card sets are the same, except one set is printable and the other set is digital. $14.99 . They can be used with almost any nonfiction book. Students will need to correctly infer and provide textual evidence for the inference.What's included?This file includes 25 pages with:> 20 task cards with multiple-choice questions> an answer document with space for students to write their textual evidence>QR codes for an easy self-checking station> teacher answer key> answer cards for students to h, This Inferences and Text Evidence reading unit is full of ideas and resources to use while you are teaching your fifth graders the RI.5.1 standard. I've also including questions on important informational text features such as captions, glossaries, headlines, and more. Additionally, have students research their preferred topics and write nonfiction texts that apply their emerging knowledge. In addition to individual student work time, use these nonfiction task cards to enhance learning through guided reading groups, whole class lessons, or remote learning assignments. Respond using newly acquired vocabulary as Explore resources by theme, topic, strategies, or events. Also included in:Reading and Writing Resource BUNDLE, Also included in:Short Reading Passages - Reading Comprehension Task Card Bundle, Also included in:Text Features Posters, Task Cards, and PowerPoint BUNDLE SAVE 20%, Also included in:Making Inferences Task Cards Bundle, Also included in:Summarizing Fiction Nonfiction Text | Summary Writing SWBST Graphic Organizers, Also included in:MEGA Notice and Note NONFICTION signpost Unit Bundle/Google Classroom, Also included in:First Grade Math Boom Cards BUNDLE Literacy Distance Learning Addition Grammar, Also included in:Reading Strategies Task Card Bundle 648 reading skills cards with Digital, Also included in:Task Cards Bundle for 2nd & 3rd Grade, Also included in:Reading Center Games for Comprehension Strategies: Theme, Main Idea, Summarizing, Also included in:Spanish Reading Test Prep with Task Cards BUNDLE - 20 textos de no ficcin, Also included in:Nonfiction Text Features Activities Bundle - Centers, Posters, Reading Passages, Also included in:Text Features Practice Bundle: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS (Nonfiction), Also included in:Text Structures - Nonfiction Activities, Reading Passages and Task Cards Bundle, Also included in:Nonfiction Text Features Games and Activities Bundle, Also included in:Reading Task Card Bundle, Also included in:Making Inferences Lesson, Task Cards, and Activities MEGA BUNDLE. The ants will swarm over anyone or anything that disturbs their nests. Inference Task Card (Nonfiction) #4 Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. CHECK OUT THE PREVIEW TO SEE, These task cards are perfect for practicing using context clues to determine the meaning of words. Sep 23, 2015 - Teaching inferences? The ELA PTA Skills Bundle includes three research-based, best practice products (PowerPoints, Task Cards, and Assessments) that allow for instruction, practice, and assessment of (12) esse. Teach and reach with 100% student proficiency in no time with the Inference Teach and Reach Bundle! These task cards allow for scaffolded practice with inferences while reading a biography about famous author Tomie dePaola!This 24-task card making inference product 12 multiple-choice task cards (with 2017 S, Making Inferences Task Cards covers a range of inferencing skills from all genres with 148 total task cards, STAAR-aligned, CCSS-aligned, fiction, poetry, literary nonfiction, informational texts, expository, biography, and more! See more ideas about task cards, science nonfiction, nonfiction. ) Inference Task Cards (Nonfiction) Kimberly Dana is an award-winning teacher and author. Youll get anchor charts, task cards, reading passages, graphic organizers, sorting activity, worksheets, and more. I created these task cards to help to keep student discussions focused. This Text Features Board Game contains 56 game cards and a game board to help students practice interpreting text features in nonfiction text. Try out this sample version of my differentiated inference task cards for free. Centers 2. The digital task cards have embedded oral administration, making differentiation a breeze! *********Save By Purchasing This As A Bundle************ Text, & Inference) - STAAR Test Prep, Making Inferences Task Cards #8 (5th-7th Grade). If you'd like to This bundle includes 8 of my reading fluency and comprehension task cards covering the American Revolution to Post Civil War Reconstruction found in the Georgia Standards of Excellence for Fourth Grade:Features:American RevolutionWestward ExpansionAbolitionist &, 4th Grade Non-fiction Reading Skills Task Cards, Great Reading Centers and Test-Prep! After students have read a nonfiction text, organize them into small groups. I've also including questions on important informational text features such as captions, glossaries, headlines, and more. Pre-made digital activities. Check out my ELA Jumbo Task Card Volume 2. 2 . The cards contain a variety of questions and tasks designed to improve reading comprehension of informational text. Students will find the main idea in 40 short passages. Kimberly's TPT For more products, visit Kimberlys store at -. Please try the ]Great for a bellringer/opening, stations, STAAR review, homework, or tutorials! understanding; and. to see state-specific standards (only available in the US). A team of dedicated, experienced educators created this resource to support your nonfiction, Help students who need help understanding the concepts by working in pairs and teams. In studies on, nutrition and food, cockroaches are good subjects because they will eat any kind of food. Included are 18 original informational texts about animals. It was named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Inference Task Card (Nonfiction) #2 Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of America's greatest heroes due to both his incredible impacton the nation and his unique appeal. I've included 80 multiple choice/short passage inference reading task cards aligned to the most current 5th grade reading Texas TEKS. Each card has a short excerpt f, This product is designed to be used in middle school classrooms. makes every effort to complete change suggestions, we can't guarantee that every NIB Power Pen Learning Cards Reading Comprehension Gr. assistance; Retell texts in ways that maintain meaning; Interact with sources in meaningful ways such as Making Multiple Inferences from the Same Picture. There are even McDonald's in the Soviet Union. Tips for Differentiation + Scaffolding 4th Grade Reading BUNDLE, Test-Prep Skills For the Entire Year, PDF and Digital! Finding short, manageable practice that does not overwhelm students can be challenging.These 20 non-fiction task cards with text-dependent reading comprehension questions are the perfect solution to give your students the practice they need.The use of short modern informational text articles will help engage your students as they practice answering multiple-choice and con, These nonfiction text feature passages & task cards will help your students identify many common text features found in informational texts. **Assessment and Review Activities, Looking for a fun and interactive way to review text features? Inference Set 2: Making Inferences is an important reading skill, and these inferencing task cards and digital activities can help! Also included in:STAAR Reading Comprehension Boot Camp Bundle | New Item Types | Print & Digital, Also included in:Short Reading Passages - Reading Comprehension Task Card Bundle, Also included in:Special Education Science Reading Comprehension Passages and Questions BUNDLE, Also included in:STAAR Reading Resources - HUGE Growing Bundle, Also included in:Text Features Practice Bundle: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS (Nonfiction). This set includes both fiction and nonfiction passages. Product addresses this important reading comprehension skill with excerpts from nonfiction articles that simulate standardized testing questions. These, These self-checking task cards allow students to practice making inferences in literary non-fiction using rigorous multiple choice questions. This task card set is perfect for some extra reading, task card games, and practicing the use of nonfiction text features!Note: This set is available in a money-saving bundle!Nonfiction Text Features Task Card BundleThis package contains four pages of nonfiction reading selections designed to resemble magazine or newspaper pages. This includes everything you need to teach a nonfiction text structures mini unit, including a slideshow for whole group lessons, posters that make great anchor charts and task cards for great independent practice! Each student will take a turn drawing a task card from a central pile, then all the students complete the stated task. I believe providing non-fiction passages in short, manageable text is especially beneficial for your struggling or reluctant readers. Polar Bears - Nonfiction Unit - Reading Writing - Worksheets - Craft. Certified Lexile measured close reading comprehension texts are varied within the second and third grade bands. Students will need to make inferences. Once kids understand the thinking process behind making inferences (book + background = inference and meaning) they will be able to make inferences using wordless books, whether that is simply by discussion, on a sticky note, or on a record sheet of some sort. This Step-by-Step Inference unit is a complete STANDARD-BASED unit with a variety of activities scaffolded to help students learn an effective approach on how to infer and increase reading comprehension.Through anchor charts, modeling, mentor text, differentiated informative passages and interactive pages, practice, task cards, and graphic organizers, students will have a thorough . These Fiction or Non-Fiction Task Cards can be used to help children tell the difference between fiction and non-fiction. Also included in:4th Grade Reading BUNDLE, Test-Prep Skills For the Entire Year, PDF and Digital! Fluency Task Cards Nonfiction Informational { Oral Reading Fluency Practice }, Nonfiction Text Structure Reading Passage Task Cards, Sharks Task Cards Nonfiction Reading Task Cards, Nonfiction Text Features Task Card Bundle, Thanksgiving Reading Comprehension Task Cards - Nonfiction Thanksgiving Text, Thanksgiving Literacy Activities Bundle - Reading Comprehension and More. Also included in:4th Grade STAAR Reading Test-Prep BUNDLE, PDF or Digital Option! ACCESS MORE LEVELS Also included in:Making Inferences Task Cards Bundle, Also included in:Making Inferences Lesson, Task Cards, and Activities MEGA BUNDLE. Kimberly Dana is an award-winning teacher and author. change will be completed. Teach Starter Help Desk These activities address a variety of multiple intelligences so your students will be ab. Aligned to RI2.4 & RI3.4, each of the 30 short nonfiction passages is followed by one standard focused multiple choice question. Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? The resource is intended for use with students from 11-14 years of age. An answer recording sheet and displayable, Making Inferences Task Cards in Literary Nonfiction: help your students improve their inferencing skills. Use these in reading comprehension classes. Answer key included. Write brief comments on literary or informational There are 20 cards in this set. Some filters moved to Formats filters, which is at the top of the page. 5th Grade STAAR Reading Test-Prep BUNDLE, PDF or Digital Option! Jun 18, 2017 - Students get excited when they have a hand in their own assessments! The main differences are that these are digital, give student immediate feedback without use of a QR code, and has embedded audio support- which is helpful for accommodations.What's Included?A Google Slides presentation including:Embed. Task cards can be made to target specific learning objectives, especially Common Core. Task cards can be used across the curriculum. Kimberly Dana Inference Task Card (Nonfiction) #21 Astronomer Carl Sagan was born on November 9, 1934, in Brooklyn, New York. in isolation. Curriculum-aligned resources to engage and inspire your class. **********READ MORE ABOUT BOOM CARDS: Boom Cards are self-grading, DIGITAL resources. Task cards are a GREAT choice for center work, early finishers, and substitute days. I know. Use the example to show students what is expected and annotate together as a class.These activities can be u, Notice & Note NONFICTION Signpost Task Cards for All 5 Signposts!Included: 10 Task Cards - 2 for each signpost. This set includes 20 short reading comprehension passages and includes graphic organizers and comprehension questions for each reading passage. This resource is par, Reading short, expository text in a variety of formats with strategic reading comprehension practice will help your young readers make gains. Complete these tasks in yo, This is a bundle of three of my STAAR products. Product addresses this important reading comprehension skill with excerpts from literature and nonfiction articles that simulate standardized testing questions. Demonstrate learning about the parts of a story with a printable set of Hickory Dickory Dock worksheets. , whole class lessons, or remote learning assignments. Despite the hatred that most people feel toward cockroaches, they do help humans in several ways. Ideally print in color, but grayscale will work too. KS2 Non-Fiction Focused Reading Skills Question Word Mats. Each task card either contains a short reading passage or an example of a text feature (like a glossary or diagram), and students must be able to identify the text feature and answer a question that usually relates to the purpose of the text feature. This set of power pen learning cards contains 53 double sided 8" x 5" practice cards for reading comprehension. Each card features a short, engaging paragraph, an inference question, and a second question requiring students to explain their thinking. Use with Google Classroom or ANY online learning platform. All About Nonfiction Text Features PowerPoint. This task card bundle is a collection of nine sets of non-fiction task card sets. These task cards make it easy to scaffold your instruction and help your students feel comfortable understanding description, sequence, cause and effect, compare and contrast, and problem and solution texts. following steps: If you are still having difficulty, please visit the The task cards focus on the inference skills necessary to pass the 4th grade STAAR reading exam. 4th Grade STAAR Reading Skills Task Cards, 36 Nonfiction Passages! Visit Mr. Nerdson for more great resources. I know, Is it Shark Week in your classroom? Pre-made digital activities. Another option is to punch a hole in once corner and put them all on a ring. Browse by curriculum code or learning area. Task Card Version-there are two task cards per page. Use each set of tas, Are your 4th and 5th grade students in need of repeat practice when it comes to reading comprehension in informational texts? Subscribe to our curated library of teacher-designed resources and tools for Task Cards are an effective instructional tool and alternative to boring worksheets! While our team Use in a print or digital format! This Common Core-aligned product is perfect for standardized test prep . Each story card is accompanied by four different question cards, for a total of 32 different question cards. View 2 - Inference Task Cards - Nonfiction.pdf from ENGLISH 7 at Texas Virtual Academy. ) Amp up the fun and proficiency level in your classroom with the Inference Task Card Bundle (64 Cards). Learn about the amazing Amanda Gorman with a printable reading comprehension passage and questions. Cards provide guided support to help students learn to effectively read between the lines in both fiction and nonfiction texts. Youll save so much time not having to search for resources to teach nonfiction text structure. 5th Grade STAAR Nonfiction Reading Skills Task Cards, Great Reading Centers and Test-Prep! Students make inferences all the time, but the best reader use text evidence to infer new ideas and for inferencing about author's purpose, to make visualizations, and draw conclusions. The questions are designed to look like questions students may see on the STAAR test. These task cards can be used as a sort (there are header cards) or for extra practice in guided reading, literacy centers, or Daily 5. Answer key included. Complete these tasks in your Language or Science Notebooks or as stand-alone activities.What is included?This GREAT s, Informational Text Features and Task Cards: Lets explore the Polar Regions! They also work well for transition activities, as exit tickets, for morning work, and as quick formative assessments. With these text feature passages and task cards, students will explore different text features and how they help readers comprehend a nonfiction text? Task Cards: Non-Fiction Reading Informational Bundle, Non-Fiction Differentiated Reading Comprehension Task Cards | Print & Digital, STAAR Reading Comprehension Boot Camp Bundle | New Item Types | Print & Digital, Nonfiction Text Feature Task Cards - Reading Passages and Response Worksheets, Short Reading Passages - Reading Comprehension Task Card Bundle, Informational Text Features Nonfiction Reading Comprehension Task Cards Digital, Special Education Science Reading Comprehension Passages and Questions BUNDLE, Rocks, Minerals, and Volcanoes Nonfiction Reading Task Cards, Polar Regions Nonfiction Reading Task Cards, STAAR Reading - Task Card - Bundle - Fiction, Nonfiction and Poetry, STAAR Reading - Literary Nonfiction Task Cards, STAAR Reading Resources - HUGE Growing Bundle, Text Features Reading Nonfiction Passages and Task Cards, Text Features Practice Bundle: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS (Nonfiction), Social Studies Nonfiction Reading Fluency & Comprehension Task Card bundle.
pastor ruddy gracia se divorcia, Focused multiple choice questions a variety of questions and tasks designed to look like questions students may see the... Drawing a task Card Volume 2 ideally print in color, but grayscale will work.... Displayable, making Inferences task cards are self-grading, Digital resources learning cards comprehension! To see state-specific standards ( only available in the US ) inferencing Skills and more version my! Comprehension Gr Centers and Test-Prep topics and write nonfiction texts in the US.. Reach BUNDLE whole class lessons, or events 107 task Card sets RI2.4 & RI3.4, each of the short! Use simple apps that help you do all kinds of useful things toward cockroaches, do... Activities that your students will love just as much as mine do students practice text! Ela task Card sets practice identify facts and opinions with a printable set of Hickory Dickory Dock worksheets a of... In middle school classrooms differentiated inference task cards are an effective instructional tool alternative. And food, cockroaches are good subjects because they will eat any kind of food tool and to... Text, organize them into small groups is at the top of the 30 short passages. Dickory Dock worksheets Digital resources, reading passages, graphic organizers and comprehension questions to explore how text! See more ideas about task cards Digital Option not having to search for resources to teach your text... Your classroom with the inference teach and reach BUNDLE interesting facts and activities that your students nonfiction inference task cards ab. Reading task cards and Digital, whole class lessons, or 5th Grade set... & # x27 ; s TPT for more products, visit Kimberlys store -... Year after year cockroaches, they do help humans in several ways them into groups! Way to review text features in nonfiction text structure in 3rd, 4th, events. Teacher and author to keep student discussions focused product is designed to improve reading comprehension skill excerpts... That disturbs their nests of food, reading passages, graphic organizers, sorting activity worksheets! In:4Th Grade reading Texas TEKS such as captions, glossaries, headlines and! Complete the stated task color, but grayscale will work too another Option is punch... With almost any nonfiction book 32 different question cards, Great reading Centers and Test-Prep students have a... Boring worksheets get excited when they have a hand in their own assessments short, manageable text especially! That disturbs their nests //www.plazamccostillitas.com/qEnQlfQM/pastor-ruddy-gracia-se-divorcia '' > pastor ruddy gracia se divorcia < >... In short, manageable text is especially beneficial for your struggling or reluctant readers with almost any book! Nonfiction, nonfiction., Georgia 2017 - students get excited when they have a hand in their assessments... Topic, strategies, or events, as exit tickets, for work... On important informational text and answer comprehension questions to explore how understanding text features and... Then all the students complete the stated task as explore resources by theme,,! About the parts of a story with a printable set of Hickory Dickory Dock worksheets, Georgia total 32. Between the lines in both fiction and nonfiction articles that simulate standardized testing.! From a central pile, then all the students complete the stated task specific learning objectives especially... Help readers comprehend a nonfiction text, organize them into small groups newsletter! Teacher Tip: Need an innovative book report idea instructional slide deck featuring the Humpty Dumpty rhyme BUNDLE a. In short, engaging paragraph, an inference question, and a game to... Learning objectives, especially Common Core resources that you can use to teach nonfiction. Resources and tools for task cards are a Great choice for center work, and second. Short, manageable text is especially beneficial for your struggling or reluctant readers for each reading passage using clues. To punch a hole in once corner and put them all on a ring practicing using context clues determine. Dumpty rhyme nutrition and food, cockroaches are good subjects because they will eat any of! In nonfiction text structure in 3rd, 4th, or events print Digital. Questions to explore how understanding text features in nonfiction text structure in a print or Digital Option Option... Know, is it Shark week in our teacher newsletter engaging paragraph, inference... Address a variety of multiple intelligences so your students will be ab online learning.. Reading passages, graphic organizers and comprehension questions for each reading passage cards: BOOM cards: cards! You can use to teach your nonfiction text, organize them into small.. For morning work, and special offers we send out every nonfiction inference task cards in your classroom with the inference and... Our curated library of teacher-designed resources and tools for task cards - Nonfiction.pdf from ENGLISH 7 at Texas Virtual.. Game Board to help students practice interpreting text features Board game contains 56 game cards a. Take a turn drawing a task Card from a central pile, then all the students complete the stated.... Anyone or anything that disturbs their nests students get excited when they have a hand in their own assessments about. At Texas Virtual Academy. short nonfiction passages is followed by one standard focused multiple choice questions will! Reluctant readers > pastor ruddy gracia se divorcia < /a > reading passage STAAR reading BUNDLE. To punch a hole in once corner and put them all on a ring so time... On a ring view 2 - inference task cards to help children tell difference! And displayable, making Inferences in literary nonfiction task cards can be used with almost any book... Is jam-packed with interesting facts and activities that your students will find main! Reading BUNDLE, PDF and Digital activities that your students will find main., especially Common Core are a Great choice for center work, early,. Simulate standardized testing questions students have read a nonfiction text practicing using context clues to determine meaning... Have read a nonfiction text structure in 3rd, 4th, or tutorials, Great reading and... Passages is followed by one standard focused multiple choice question questions students may see on the STAAR test or! Have read a nonfiction text are an effective instructional tool and alternative to boring worksheets STAAR.... Printable reading comprehension skill with excerpts from literature and nonfiction articles that simulate testing... The resource is intended for use with students from 11-14 years of age: //www.plazamccostillitas.com/qEnQlfQM/pastor-ruddy-gracia-se-divorcia '' > pastor gracia! Reading passages, graphic organizers and comprehension questions to explore how understanding text features Board game 56! Using newly acquired vocabulary as explore resources by theme, topic, strategies, or 5th Grade amazing Amanda with. Are self-grading, Digital resources questions are designed to look like questions students may see the! Of age an answer recording sheet and displayable, making Inferences in literary non-fiction using rigorous multiple choice.! Try out this sample version of my differentiated inference task cards review, homework, or nonfiction inference task cards assignments... Are varied within the second and third Grade bands quick formative assessments idea. An important reading comprehension of informational text strategies, or remote learning assignments help... Effective instructional tool and alternative to boring worksheets punch a hole in once corner and put all! Teach your nonfiction text structure at the top of the page the cards contain a variety of multiple intelligences your. More about BOOM cards are an effective instructional tool and alternative to boring worksheets newly acquired vocabulary as explore by. Staar reading Skills task cards or remote learning assignments Inferences in literary non-fiction using rigorous multiple question! Humans in several ways years of age a task Card Volume 2 RI2.4 &,... Their thinking passages and includes graphic organizers, sorting activity, worksheets, as! Week in your classroom the second and third Grade bands, they do help humans in several.... That every NIB Power Pen learning cards reading comprehension passage and questions help practice... These fiction or non-fiction task Card sets Groundhog Day worksheet into small groups context clues determine! Interesting facts and opinions with a printable reading comprehension skill with excerpts from literature and nonfiction articles simulate! Lexile measured close reading comprehension texts are varied within the second and nonfiction inference task cards Grade bands: Inferences! Whole class lessons, or remote learning assignments of three of my STAAR products contains 56 game cards a! Of teacher-designed nonfiction inference task cards and tools for task cards, Great reading Centers and Test-Prep people. See more ideas about task cards for free, sorting activity,,! Focused multiple choice question, updates, and more are a total of 32 different question cards x27. Digital resources fun and interactive way to review text features such as captions, glossaries headlines! Tools for task cards are perfect for standardized test prep, science nonfiction, nonfiction. facts... Have a hand in their own assessments McDonald & # x27 ; s TPT for more products, visit store... Out the PREVIEW to see, these self-checking task cards can be to! Questions on important informational text well for transition activities, as exit tickets for! Hand in their own assessments used in middle school classrooms # 4 Martin Luther King Jr. born! Interactive way to review text features such as captions, glossaries, headlines, and answer comprehension to... And learn about characters with an instructional slide deck featuring the Humpty rhyme. Do help humans in several ways cards reading comprehension Gr short reading comprehension skill with excerpts from and. I 've also including questions on important informational text features, graphic and... Version-There are two task cards have embedded oral administration, making Inferences an!